TPEH: Taipei Home
Acronym Definition
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TPEH The Promotion of Environmental Health (WHO)
Chinese Taipei (Traditional Chinese: 中華臺北; Simplified Chinese: 中华台北; Hanyu
Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Táiběi; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhonghua Táiběi) is the designated
name used by the Republic of China (ROC), to participate in most international
organizations, due to the persistent diplomatic pressure from the People's
Republic of China (PRC), which, like the UN and the vast majority of nations,
does not recognize the Republic of China (Taiwan) as an independent country.
Under the "One-China policy," the international community denies the use of the
region's preferred titles, the "Republic of China (ROC)," "Republic of China
(Taiwan)" or "Taiwan" so as to avoid implying that the ROC (Taiwan) and the PRC
are two separate countries when participating in international organizations
(see political status of Taiwan).
Origins
The People's Republic of China (PRC), which does not recognize the Republic of
China (Taiwan) and claims the island of Taiwan as part of its own territory,
effectively blocks the Republic of China (Taiwan) from using their official
national title "Republic of China" in international organizations. To the PRC,
having the team represented as the "Republic of China" suggests either the
continued existence of a country that PRC believes it has toppled or the
existence of two Chinas, a contravention of the PRC's "One-China Policy."
When international organisations downgraded or even expelled Taiwan in the 1970s
and 1980s in favor of recognizing the PRC, the Kuomintang (KMT)-controlled
Republic of China (Taiwan) government refused to be designated as "Taiwan,
China" because the title would imply that it was subordinate to the People's
Republic of China government. At the time, the Kuomintang government also
rejected the names "Taiwan" and "Formosa" because it still considered itself the
sole legitimate government of all of China and refused any hint of Taiwan
independence. Therefore, it chose what was considered a politically neutral
title "Chinese Taipei", even though Taipei is just a metropolitan region small
in proportion to the entire Taiwan area.
In November of 1979 the International Olympic Committee and later all the
international sports federations adopted a resolution which recognised the
National Olympic Committee of Taiwan as the National Olympic Committee of
Chinese Taipei[1] and every sports team or athlete from Taiwan would compete as
Chinese Taipei. Under this resolution, Chinese Taipei adopted the Chinese Taipei
Olympic Flag as their flag, which consists of the emblem of the National Chinese
Taipei Olympic Committee on a white background and since 1984 Summer Olympics
participate with this name and flag in every sports event, like the Olympics,
Paralympics and other international events.
The flag, however, is not recognised on some media references. In 1992, during
the Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, CBS used the flag of the Republic of
China (Taiwan) with the official "TPE" code. During the 2004 Summer Olympics,
the Australian Baseball Federation Web site used a waving National Flag of the
ROC (Taiwan) to refer to the island country. Many news networks and web sites
also prefer to use the National Flag of the Republic of China (Taiwan) rather
than the designated Chinese Taipei flag.
Translation
Both sides agree with the English name "Chinese Taipei." However, in the Chinese
language, "Chinese" can be translated to different meanings. PRC translates it
as "Zhongguo Taipei" (中国台北) in Chinese. Zhongguo literally means "the Chinese
state", and this translation connotes that Taipei is a part of the Chinese
state. By contrast, the Republic of China government translates it as "Zhonghua
Taipei" (中華臺北) in Chinese, which references China the cultural or ethnic entity,
rather than the state.
Consequences
The name "Chinese Taipei" has spilled into apolitical arenas. Flight schedules
from official airport websites such as those for Los Angeles International
Airport and San Francisco International Airport list flights to and from Taiwan
Taoyuan International Airport as "Taipei, Chinese Taipei." The PRC has
successfully pressured some religious organizations and organizations such as
the Lions Club to have Taiwan relegated to "Chinese Taipei".
In 2000, the People's Republic of China's government pressured the Miss Universe
Organization to rename Miss Taiwan 2000 as "Miss Chinese Taipei". Three years
later at the Miss Universe pageant in Panama, the first official Miss China and
Miss Taiwan competed alongside each other for the first time in history,
prompting the Chinese government to again demand that Miss Taiwan assume the
title "Miss Chinese Taipei." The contestant in question, Szu-yu Chen, was
famously photographed tearfully holding her two sashes. Today, neither Miss
Universe nor Miss World, the two largest pageant systems in the world, allow
Taiwan's entrants to compete under the Taiwan label. In 2005, the third largest
pageant system, Miss Earth, initially allowed beauty contestant Li Fan Lin to
compete as "Miss Taiwan", however after a week into the pageant her sash was
updated to "Taiwan ROC". There was no subsequent backlash or government
disapproval from the PRC over this move.
The title "Chinese Taipei" leads some people to believe that "Taipei" is a
country. To reduce confusion, news agencies remove "Chinese Taipei" references
from press releases of international organizations and simply refer to the ROC
as "Taiwan". For sporting events, the Taiwanese team is abbreviated in Taiwan as
the Zhonghua Team (中華隊; Zhonghua being a more cultural rather than political
variation of the term China), which, in effect, labels it the "Chinese Team".
Starting around the time of the 2004 Summer Olympics, there has been a movement
in Taiwan to change all references of the ROC (Taiwan) team in media to the
"Taiwanese Team", and the mainstream Taiwan Television (TTV) is one of the first
Taiwanese media outlets to do so. There are currently also cable TV channels
that refer to Taiwan as the Zhonghua Team and China as the Zhongguo Team.
In contrast to Taiwanese usage, the PRC always labels the Taiwanese team as the
"Zhongguo Taibei Team," which translates as "China's Taipei Team." This name is
consistently rejected by the ROC (Taiwan).
In the International Children's Games 2005 in Coventry as well as the National
Geographic World Championship, the name Chinese Taipei was used. Chinese Taipei
was also the term being used by Major League Baseball for the ROC team that
participated in the 2006 World Baseball Classic, and will presumably do so in
the future.
Other references to Taiwan and the ROC
Republic of China
Whenever the United Nations makes reference to Taiwan, it uses the designation
"Taiwan, Province of China". Certain web-based postal address programs also
label the country designation name for Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China".
In other organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the name "Separate
Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu" is used for the ROC
(Taiwan), but "Chinese Taipei" is used unofficially since the official
designation is too unwieldy. As a founding member of the Asian Development Bank,
the ROC (Taiwan) participated in the organization as "Republic of China" until
PRC's membership in 1986; because of pressure from PRC, Asian Development Bank
now uses the name "Taipei, China" for the ROC.
The World Organization of the Scout Movement is one of few international
organizations that continue to refer to the Republic of China (Taiwan) as
"China", and the ROC (Taiwan) affiliate as the Scouts of China. This is because
such Scouting organizations do not exist on the mainland People's Republic of
China. The ROC (Taiwan)'s older diplomatic allies also refer to the ROC (Taiwan)
as "China" on occasion: for example, during the funeral of Pope John Paul II,
President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Chen Shui-bian was seated as part of
the French alphabetical seating arrangement between the first lady of Brazil and
the president of Cameroon as the head of state of "Chine".
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